●【Introducing Japanese Folk Houses】
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●Zone 2 【Building of Folk Houses】The constructions of folk houses in modern times were generally called 'Fusin' ; the building of new houses, and also the extending, rebuilding, and re-roofing (re-thatching) of old houses were known as 'Fusin', (literally communal efforts). Here the work by professional craftsmen and the work of mutual aid by the residents of the village met. For example, people gathered bringing materials and articles, and took part in the work of re-roofing. At 'Fushin', people built a house and enjoyed the cooperation of the whole village, so it was a people's association. The origin of the word 'Fushin' is Buddhist, meaning "to request an act of charity far and wide" and also "Zen trainee monks work all together". |
●Zone 3 【The Geographic Style of Folk Houses】
Farming villages on the plains are roughly divided into two types, 'sansongata'(sparse) and 'shusongata'(clustered). In a 'sanson' type village, houses lie scattered about, while houses are clustered together in a 'shuson' type village.Many villages of 'sanson' type had windbreak forests planted around the houses, in order to fix the boundary line and to protect the houses from strong winds. Windbreaks grew in the areas of San-in, Hokuriku, and Kanto-Plain in relation to seasonal winds. On the other hand, 'shuson' type houses were enclosed with earthen walls, hedges, or bamboo clumps. Sometimes an entire house was surrounded with an annex building. Otherwise, a whole village was sometimes surrounded with a trench. People thought up various kinds of facilities to protect the folk houses from nature or unwelcome intruders.
●Zone 4 【Life in folk houses】
The Iroris served both as warming and cooking in the northern area where coldness was severe, and the Kamados served as cooking only in the southern area where warming was not so much regarded as important. The fire was burning brightly in both of these hearths for people's daily life all through the year. There was a saying, "Iroris in the east and Kamados in the west". It was one of the figures which showed the fact that our ancestors adapted themselves to the climate conditions of their environment.
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